Adipose tissue stem cells application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are explained from the basics to advanced strategies for diseases such as cancer and Type I diabetes. Development of adipose tissue engineering techniques offers a great potential in surpassing the existing limits faced by the classical approaches used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Adipose tissue engineering clinical applications are wide and varied, including reconstructive, corrective and cosmetic procedures. Nowadays, adipose tissue engineering is a fast developing field, both in terms of fundamental researches and medical applications, addressing issues related to management of soft tissue injuries in different body locations. Potential hazards and recent trends in regulatory guidances are reviewed.